ApplicationContext的事件机制是观察者模式的实现,通过ApplicationEvent类和ApplicationListener接口,可以实现ApplicationConext的事件处理。如果容器中有一个ApplicationListener Bean,每当ApplicationContext发布ApplicationEven时,ApplicationListener Bean将自动被触发。
Spring的事件框架有如下两个成员:
1)ApplicationEvent:容器事件,必须由ApplicationContext发布。
2)ApplicationListener:监听器,可由容器中的任何监听器承担。
Spring的事件机制与所有事件机制都基本相似,它们都需要事件源、事件和事件监听器组成。此处的事件源是ApplicationConetext,并且事件必须由Java程序显示触发。
onApplicationEvent(ApplictionEvent event);每当容器内发送任何事件时,此方法都被触发;
下面定义一个邮件事件:
package com.custle.spring;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;public class EmailEvent extends ApplicationEvent { private String address; private String text; public EmailEvent(Object source) { super(source); } public EmailEvent(Object source, String address, String text) { super(source); this.address = address; this.text = text; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public String getText() { return text; } public void setText(String text) { this.text = text; }}
package com.custle.spring;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;public class EmailNotifiter implements ApplicationListener { //该方法会在容器发送时自动触发 @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) { if(event instanceof EmailEvent){ //只处理EmailEvent,发送email通知 EmailEvent emailEvent = (EmailEvent)event; System.out.println("需要发送邮件的接收地址:"+emailEvent.getAddress()); }else{ //容器内置事件不作处理 System.out.println("容器本身的事件: "+ event); } }}
在applicationContext-spring.xml中配置邮件事件:
通过ClassPathXmlApplicationContext读取配置文件:
package com.custle.spring;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class EmailTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-spring.xml"); EmailEvent emailEvent = new EmailEvent("hello", "526295149@qq.com", "send email"); //将EmailEvent事件添加至ApplicationContext容器 applicationContext.publishEvent(emailEvent); }}
控制台输出:
2018-02-05 13:24:27 INFO (AbstractApplicationContext.java:513) - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@22f4bf02: startup date [Mon Feb 05 13:24:27 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy2018-02-05 13:24:27 INFO (XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:316) - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext-spring.xml]容器本身的事件: org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent[source=org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@22f4bf02: startup date [Mon Feb 05 13:24:27 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy]需要发送邮件的接收地址:526295149@qq.com
上文是通过ApplicationContext的pulishEvent()来主动触发容器事件,其实当系统创建Spring容器、加载Spring容器时也会自动触发容器事件。